PHP - IO-16 Bricklet – Tinkerforge

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# PHP - IO-16 Bricklet

This is the description of the PHP API bindings for the IO-16 Bricklet. General information and technical specifications for the IO-16 Bricklet are summarized in its hardware description.

An installation guide for the PHP API bindings is part of their general description.

## Examples

The example code below is Public Domain (CC0 1.0).

### Output

Download (ExampleOutput.php)

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    <?php

    require_once('Tinkerforge/IPConnection.php');
    require_once('Tinkerforge/BrickletIO16.php');

    use Tinkerforge\IPConnection;
    use Tinkerforge\BrickletIO16;

    const HOST = 'localhost';
    const PORT = 4223;
    const UID = '6VJ'; // Change to your UID

    $ipcon = new IPConnection(); // Create IP connection
    $io16 = new BrickletIO16(UID, $ipcon); // Create device object

    $ipcon->connect(HOST, PORT); // Connect to brickd
    // Don't use device before ipcon is connected

    // Set pin 0 on port a to output low
    $io16->setPortConfiguration('a', 1 << 0, 'o', FALSE);

    // Set pin 0 and 7 on port b to output high
    $io16->setPortConfiguration('b', (1 << 0) | (1 << 7), 'o', TRUE);

    echo "Press key to exit\n";
    fgetc(fopen('php://stdin', 'r'));
    $ipcon->disconnect();

    ?>

### Interrupt

Download (ExampleInterrupt.php)

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    <?php

    require_once('Tinkerforge/IPConnection.php');
    require_once('Tinkerforge/BrickletIO16.php');

    use Tinkerforge\IPConnection;
    use Tinkerforge\BrickletIO16;

    const HOST = 'localhost';
    const PORT = 4223;
    const UID = '6VJ'; // Change to your UID

    // Callback function for interrupts
    function cb_interrupt($port, $interruptMask, $valueMask)
    {
        echo "Interrupt on port: $port\n";
        echo "Interrupt by: " . decbin($interruptMask) . "\n";
        echo "Value: " . decbin($valueMask) . "\n";
    }

    $ipcon = new IPConnection(); // Create IP connection
    $io16 = new BrickletIO16(UID, $ipcon); // Create device object

    $ipcon->connect(HOST, PORT); // Connect to brickd
    // Don't use device before ipcon is connected

    // Register callback for interrupts
    $io16->registerCallback(BrickletIO16::CALLBACK_INTERRUPT, 'cb_interrupt');

    // Enable interrupt on pin 2 of port a
    $io16->setPortInterrupt('a', 1 << 2);

    echo "Press ctrl+c to exit\n";
    $ipcon->dispatchCallbacks(-1); // Dispatch callbacks forever

    ?>

## API

Functions that return multiple values return them in an associative array.

### Basic Functions

class `BrickletIO16`(string $uid, IPConnection $ipcon)

  Creates an object with the unique device ID `$uid`:

      <?php   $io16 = new BrickletIO16('YOUR_DEVICE_UID', $ipcon);   ?>

  This object can then be used after the IP Connection is connected (see examples above).

void `BrickletIO16::``setPort`(string $port, int $value_mask)

  Sets the output value (high or low) for a port ("a" or "b") with a bitmask (8bit). A 1 in the bitmask means high and a 0 in the bitmask means low.

  For example: The value 15 or 0b00001111 will turn the pins 0-3 high and the pins 4-7 low for the specified port.

  Note

  This function does nothing for pins that are configured as input. Pull-up resistors can be switched on with `setPortConfiguration()`.

int `BrickletIO16::``getPort`(string $port)

  Returns a bitmask of the values that are currently measured on the specified port. This function works if the pin is configured to input as well as if it is configured to output.

void `BrickletIO16::``setPortConfiguration`(string $port, int $selection_mask, string $direction, bool $value)

  Configures the value and direction of a specified port. Possible directions are 'i' and 'o' for input and output.

  If the direction is configured as output, the value is either high or low (set as true or false).

  If the direction is configured as input, the value is either pull-up or default (set as true or false).

  For example:

  - ('a', 255, 'i', true) or ('a', 0b11111111, 'i', true) will set all pins of port A as input pull-up.
  - ('a', 128, 'i', false) or ('a', 0b10000000, 'i', false) will set pin 7 of port A as input default (floating if nothing is connected).
  - ('b', 3, 'o', false) or ('b', 0b00000011, 'o', false) will set pins 0 and 1 of port B as output low.
  - ('b', 4, 'o', true) or ('b', 0b00000100, 'o', true) will set pin 2 of port B as output high.

  The default configuration is input with pull-up.

  The following constants are available for this function:

  - BrickletIO16::DIRECTION_IN = 'i'
  - BrickletIO16::DIRECTION_OUT = 'o'

array `BrickletIO16::``getPortConfiguration`(string $port)

  Returns a direction bitmask and a value bitmask for the specified port. A 1 in the direction bitmask means input and a 0 in the bitmask means output.

  For example: A return value of (15, 51) or (0b00001111, 0b00110011) for direction and value means that:

  - pins 0 and 1 are configured as input pull-up,
  - pins 2 and 3 are configured as input default,
  - pins 4 and 5 are configured as output high
  - and pins 6 and 7 are configured as output low.

  The returned array has the keys `direction_mask` and `value_mask`.

int `BrickletIO16::``getEdgeCount`(int $pin, bool $reset_counter)

  Returns the current value of the edge counter for the selected pin on port A. You can configure the edges that are counted with `setEdgeCountConfig()`.

  If you set the reset counter to true, the count is set back to 0 directly after it is read.

  New in version 2.0.3 (Plugin).

### Advanced Functions

void `BrickletIO16::``setPortMonoflop`(string $port, int $selection_mask, int $value_mask, int $time)

  Configures a monoflop of the pins specified by the second parameter as 8 bit long bitmask. The specified pins must be configured for output. Non-output pins will be ignored.

  The third parameter is a bitmask with the desired value of the specified output pins. A 1 in the bitmask means high and a 0 in the bitmask means low.

  The forth parameter indicates the time (in ms) that the pins should hold the value.

  If this function is called with the parameters ('a', 9, 1, 1500) or ('a', 0b00001001, 0b00000001, 1500): Pin 0 will get high and pin 3 will get low on port 'a'. In 1.5s pin 0 will get low and pin 3 will get high again.

  A monoflop can be used as a fail-safe mechanism. For example: Lets assume you have a RS485 bus and an IO-16 Bricklet connected to one of the slave stacks. You can now call this function every second, with a time parameter of two seconds and pin 0 set to high. Pin 0 will be high all the time. If now the RS485 connection is lost, then pin 0 will get low in at most two seconds.

array `BrickletIO16::``getPortMonoflop`(string $port, int $pin)

  Returns (for the given pin) the current value and the time as set by `setPortMonoflop()` as well as the remaining time until the value flips.

  If the timer is not running currently, the remaining time will be returned as 0.

  The returned array has the keys `value`, `time` and `time_remaining`.

void `BrickletIO16::``setSelectedValues`(string $port, int $selection_mask, int $value_mask)

  Sets the output value (high or low) for a port ("a" or "b" with a bitmask, according to the selection mask. The bitmask is 8 bit long and a 1 in the bitmask means high and a 0 in the bitmask means low.

  For example: The parameters ('a', 192, 128) or ('a', 0b11000000, 0b10000000) will turn pin 7 high and pin 6 low on port A, pins 0-6 will remain untouched.

  Note

  This function does nothing for pins that are configured as input. Pull-up resistors can be switched on with `SetConfiguration()`.

void `BrickletIO16::``setEdgeCountConfig`(int $pin, int $edge_type, int $debounce)

  Configures the edge counter for the selected pin of port A. Pins 0 and 1 are available for edge counting.

  The edge type parameter configures if rising edges, falling edges or both are counted if the pin is configured for input. Possible edge types are:

  - 0 = rising (default)
  - 1 = falling
  - 2 = both

  The debounce time is given in ms.

  Configuring an edge counter resets its value to 0.

  If you don't know what any of this means, just leave it at default. The default configuration is very likely OK for you.

  Default values: 0 (edge type) and 100ms (debounce time)

  The following constants are available for this function:

  - BrickletIO16::EDGE_TYPE_RISING = 0
  - BrickletIO16::EDGE_TYPE_FALLING = 1
  - BrickletIO16::EDGE_TYPE_BOTH = 2

  New in version 2.0.3 (Plugin).

array `BrickletIO16::``getEdgeCountConfig`(int $pin)

  Returns the edge type and debounce time for the selected pin of port A as set by `setEdgeCountConfig()`.

  The following constants are available for this function:

  - BrickletIO16::EDGE_TYPE_RISING = 0
  - BrickletIO16::EDGE_TYPE_FALLING = 1
  - BrickletIO16::EDGE_TYPE_BOTH = 2

  New in version 2.0.3 (Plugin).

  The returned array has the keys `edge_type` and `debounce`.

array `BrickletIO16::``getAPIVersion`()

  Returns the version of the API definition (major, minor, revision) implemented by this API bindings. This is neither the release version of this API bindings nor does it tell you anything about the represented Brick or Bricklet.

bool `BrickletIO16::``getResponseExpected`(int $function_id)

  Returns the response expected flag for the function specified by the function ID parameter. It is true if the function is expected to send a response, false otherwise.

  For getter functions this is enabled by default and cannot be disabled, because those functions will always send a response. For callback configuration functions it is enabled by default too, but can be disabled by `setResponseExpected()`. For setter functions it is disabled by default and can be enabled.

  Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is send and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

  See `setResponseExpected()` for the list of function ID constants available for this function.

void `BrickletIO16::``setResponseExpected`(int $function_id, bool $response_expected)

  Changes the response expected flag of the function specified by the function ID parameter. This flag can only be changed for setter (default value: false) and callback configuration functions (default value: true). For getter functions it is always enabled and callbacks it is always disabled.

  Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is send and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.

  The following function ID constants are available for this function:

  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_PORT = 1
  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_PORT_CONFIGURATION = 3
  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_DEBOUNCE_PERIOD = 5
  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_PORT_INTERRUPT = 7
  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_PORT_MONOFLOP = 10
  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_SELECTED_VALUES = 13
  - BrickletIO16::FUNCTION_SET_EDGE_COUNT_CONFIG = 15

void `BrickletIO16::``setResponseExpectedAll`(bool $response_expected)

  Changes the response expected flag for all setter and callback configuration functions of this device at once.

array `BrickletIO16::``getIdentity`()

  Returns the UID, the UID where the Bricklet is connected to, the position, the hardware and firmware version as well as the device identifier.

  The position can be 'a', 'b', 'c' or 'd'.

  The device identifier numbers can be found here. There is also a constant for the device identifier of this Bricklet.

  The returned array has the keys `uid`, `connected_uid`, `position`, `hardware_version`, `firmware_version` and `device_identifier`.

### Callback Configuration Functions

void `BrickletIO16::``registerCallback`(int $id, callable $callback, mixed $userData=NULL)

  Registers a callback with ID $id to the callable $callback. The $userData will be given as a parameter of the callback.

  The available IDs with corresponding function signatures are listed below.

void `BrickletIO16::``setDebouncePeriod`(int $debounce)

  Sets the debounce period of the `CALLBACK_INTERRUPT` callback in ms.

  For example: If you set this value to 100, you will get the interrupt maximal every 100ms. This is necessary if something that bounces is connected to the IO-16 Bricklet, such as a button.

  The default value is 100.

int `BrickletIO16::``getDebouncePeriod`()

  Returns the debounce period as set by `setDebouncePeriod()`.

void `BrickletIO16::``setPortInterrupt`(string $port, int $interrupt_mask)

  Sets the pins on which an interrupt is activated with a bitmask. Interrupts are triggered on changes of the voltage level of the pin, i.e. changes from high to low and low to high.

  For example: ('a', 129) or ('a', 0b10000001) will enable the interrupt for pins 0 and 7 of port a.

  The interrupt is delivered with the callback `CALLBACK_INTERRUPT`.

int `BrickletIO16::``getPortInterrupt`(string $port)

  Returns the interrupt bitmask for the specified port as set by `setPortInterrupt()`.

### Callbacks

Callbacks can be registered to receive time critical or recurring data from the device. The registration is done with the `registerCallback()` function of the device object. The first parameter is the callback ID and the second parameter the callback function:

    <?php

    function myCallback($param)
    {
        echo $param . "\n";
    }

    $io16->registerCallback(BrickletIO16::CALLBACK_EXAMPLE, 'myCallback');

    ?>

The available constants with corresponding function signatures are described below.

Note

Using callbacks for recurring events is always preferred compared to using getters. It will use less USB bandwidth and the latency will be a lot better, since there is no round trip time.

int `BrickletIO16::``CALLBACK_INTERRUPT`

      <?php   void callback(string $port, int $interrupt_mask, int $value_mask [, mixed $userData])   ?>

  This callback is triggered whenever a change of the voltage level is detected on pins where the interrupt was activated with `setPortInterrupt()`.

  The values are the port, a bitmask that specifies which interrupts occurred and the current value bitmask of the port.

  For example:

  - ('a', 1, 1) or ('a', 0b00000001, 0b00000001) means that on port A an interrupt on pin 0 occurred and currently pin 0 is high and pins 1-7 are low.
  - ('b', 129, 254) or ('b', 0b10000001, 0b11111110) means that on port B interrupts on pins 0 and 7 occurred and currently pin 0 is low and pins 1-7 are high.

int `BrickletIO16::``CALLBACK_MONOFLOP_DONE`

      <?php   void callback(string $port, int $selection_mask, int $value_mask [, mixed $userData])   ?>

  This callback is triggered whenever a monoflop timer reaches 0. The parameters contain the port, the involved pins and the current value of the pins (the value after the monoflop).

### Constants

int `BrickletIO16::``DEVICE_IDENTIFIER`

  This constant is used to identify a IO-16 Bricklet.

  The `getIdentity()` function and the `CALLBACK_ENUMERATE` callback of the IP Connection have a `deviceIdentifier` parameter to specify the Brick's or Bricklet's type.

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