This is the description of the Perl API bindings for the IO-16 Bricklet. General information and technical specifications for the IO-16 Bricklet are summarized in its hardware description.
An installation guide for the Perl API bindings is part of their general description.
The example code below is Public Domain (CC0 1.0).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | #!/usr/bin/perl
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletIO16;
use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'gfR'; # Change to your UID
my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
my $io = Tinkerforge::BrickletIO16->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object
$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected
# Set pin 0 on port a to output low
$io->set_port_configuration('a', 1 << 0, 'o', 0);
# Set pin 0 and 7 on port b to output high
$io->set_port_configuration('b', (1 << 0) | (1 << 7), 'o', 1);
print "Press any key to exit...\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();
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Download (example_interrupt.pl)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | #!/usr/bin/perl
use Tinkerforge::IPConnection;
use Tinkerforge::BrickletIO16;
use constant HOST => 'localhost';
use constant PORT => 4223;
use constant UID => 'gfR'; # Change to your UID
my $ipcon = Tinkerforge::IPConnection->new(); # Create IP connection
my $io = Tinkerforge::BrickletIO16->new(&UID, $ipcon); # Create device object
# Callback function for interrupts
sub cb_interrupt
{
my ($port, $interrupt_mask, $value_mask) = @_;
print "Interrupt on port: $port\n";
print "Interrupt by: ".sprintf('%b', $interrupt_mask)."\n";
print "Value: ".sprintf('%b', $value_mask)."\n";
}
$ipcon->connect(&HOST, &PORT); # Connect to brickd
# Don't use device before ipcon is connected
# Register callback for interrupts
$io->register_callback($io->CALLBACK_INTERRUPT, 'cb_interrupt');
# Enable interrupt on pin 2 of port a
$io->set_port_interrupt('a', 1 << 2);
print "Press any key to exit...\n";
<STDIN>;
$ipcon->disconnect();
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Generally, every subroutine of the Perl bindings can report an error as Tinkerforge::Error object via croak(). The object has a get_code() and a get_message() subroutine. There are different error code:
All methods listed below are thread-safe.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | BrickletIO16 |
Creates an object with the unique device ID $uid:
$io16 = BrickletIO16->new("YOUR_DEVICE_UID", $ipcon);
This object can then be used after the IP Connection is connected (see examples above).
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Sets the output value (high or low) for a port ("a" or "b") with a bitmask (8bit). A 1 in the bitmask means high and a 0 in the bitmask means low.
For example: The value 15 or 0b00001111 will turn the pins 0-3 high and the pins 4-7 low for the specified port.
Note
This function does nothing for pins that are configured as input. Pull-up resistors can be switched on with set_port_configuration().
Parameters: | $port -- char |
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Return type: | int |
Returns a bitmask of the values that are currently measured on the specified port. This function works if the pin is configured to input as well as if it is configured to output.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Configures the value and direction of a specified port. Possible directions are 'i' and 'o' for input and output.
If the direction is configured as output, the value is either high or low (set as true or false).
If the direction is configured as input, the value is either pull-up or default (set as true or false).
For example:
The default configuration is input with pull-up.
The following constants are available for this function:
Parameters: | $port -- char |
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Return type: | [int, int] |
Returns a direction bitmask and a value bitmask for the specified port. A 1 in the direction bitmask means input and a 0 in the bitmask means output.
For example: A return value of (15, 51) or (0b00001111, 0b00110011) for direction and value means that:
The returned array contains the elements direction_mask and value_mask.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | int |
Returns the current value of the edge counter for the selected pin on port A. You can configure the edges that are counted with set_edge_count_config().
If you set the reset counter to true, the count is set back to 0 directly after it is read.
New in version 2.0.3 (Plugin).
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Configures a monoflop of the pins specified by the second parameter as 8 bit long bitmask. The specified pins must be configured for output. Non-output pins will be ignored.
The third parameter is a bitmask with the desired value of the specified output pins. A 1 in the bitmask means high and a 0 in the bitmask means low.
The forth parameter indicates the time (in ms) that the pins should hold the value.
If this function is called with the parameters ('a', 9, 1, 1500) or ('a', 0b00001001, 0b00000001, 1500): Pin 0 will get high and pin 3 will get low on port 'a'. In 1.5s pin 0 will get low and pin 3 will get high again.
A monoflop can be used as a fail-safe mechanism. For example: Lets assume you have a RS485 bus and an IO-16 Bricklet connected to one of the slave stacks. You can now call this function every second, with a time parameter of two seconds and pin 0 set to high. Pin 0 will be high all the time. If now the RS485 connection is lost, then pin 0 will get low in at most two seconds.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | [int, int, int] |
Returns (for the given pin) the current value and the time as set by set_port_monoflop() as well as the remaining time until the value flips.
If the timer is not running currently, the remaining time will be returned as 0.
The returned array contains the elements value, time and time_remaining.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Sets the output value (high or low) for a port ("a" or "b" with a bitmask, according to the selection mask. The bitmask is 8 bit long and a 1 in the bitmask means high and a 0 in the bitmask means low.
For example: The parameters ('a', 192, 128) or ('a', 0b11000000, 0b10000000) will turn pin 7 high and pin 6 low on port A, pins 0-6 will remain untouched.
Note
This function does nothing for pins that are configured as input. Pull-up resistors can be switched on with SetConfiguration().
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Configures the edge counter for the selected pin of port A. Pins 0 and 1 are available for edge counting.
The edge type parameter configures if rising edges, falling edges or both are counted if the pin is configured for input. Possible edge types are:
The debounce time is given in ms.
Configuring an edge counter resets its value to 0.
If you don't know what any of this means, just leave it at default. The default configuration is very likely OK for you.
Default values: 0 (edge type) and 100ms (debounce time)
The following constants are available for this function:
New in version 2.0.3 (Plugin).
Parameters: | $pin -- int |
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Return type: | [int, int] |
Returns the edge type and debounce time for the selected pin of port A as set by set_edge_count_config().
The following constants are available for this function:
New in version 2.0.3 (Plugin).
The returned array contains the elements edge_type and debounce.
Return type: | [int, int, int] |
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Returns the version of the API definition (major, minor, revision) implemented by this API bindings. This is neither the release version of this API bindings nor does it tell you anything about the represented Brick or Bricklet.
Parameters: | $function_id -- int |
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Return type: | bool |
Returns the response expected flag for the function specified by the function ID parameter. It is true if the function is expected to send a response, false otherwise.
For getter functions this is enabled by default and cannot be disabled, because those functions will always send a response. For callback configuration functions it is enabled by default too, but can be disabled by set_response_expected(). For setter functions it is disabled by default and can be enabled.
Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is send and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.
See set_response_expected() for the list of function ID constants available for this function.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Changes the response expected flag of the function specified by the function ID parameter. This flag can only be changed for setter (default value: false) and callback configuration functions (default value: true). For getter functions it is always enabled and callbacks it is always disabled.
Enabling the response expected flag for a setter function allows to detect timeouts and other error conditions calls of this setter as well. The device will then send a response for this purpose. If this flag is disabled for a setter function then no response is send and errors are silently ignored, because they cannot be detected.
The following function ID constants are available for this function:
Parameters: | $response_expected -- bool |
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Return type: | undef |
Changes the response expected flag for all setter and callback configuration functions of this device at once.
Return type: | [string, string, char, [int, int, int], [int, int, int], int] |
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Returns the UID, the UID where the Bricklet is connected to, the position, the hardware and firmware version as well as the device identifier.
The position can be 'a', 'b', 'c' or 'd'.
The device identifier numbers can be found here. There is also a constant for the device identifier of this Bricklet.
The returned array contains the elements uid, connected_uid, position, hardware_version, firmware_version and device_identifier.
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Registers a callback with ID $id to the function named $callback. The available IDs with corresponding function signatures are listed below.
Parameters: | $debounce -- int |
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Return type: | undef |
Sets the debounce period of the CALLBACK_INTERRUPT callback in ms.
For example: If you set this value to 100, you will get the interrupt maximal every 100ms. This is necessary if something that bounces is connected to the IO-16 Bricklet, such as a button.
The default value is 100.
Return type: | int |
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Returns the debounce period as set by set_debounce_period().
Parameters: |
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Return type: | undef |
Sets the pins on which an interrupt is activated with a bitmask. Interrupts are triggered on changes of the voltage level of the pin, i.e. changes from high to low and low to high.
For example: ('a', 129) or ('a', 0b10000001) will enable the interrupt for pins 0 and 7 of port a.
The interrupt is delivered with the callback CALLBACK_INTERRUPT.
Parameters: | $port -- char |
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Return type: | int |
Returns the interrupt bitmask for the specified port as set by set_port_interrupt().
Callbacks can be registered to receive time critical or recurring data from the device. The registration is done with the register_callback() function of the device object. The first parameter is the callback ID and the second parameter the callback function name:
sub my_callback
{
print "@_[0]";
}
$io16->register_callback(BrickletIO16->CALLBACK_EXAMPLE, 'my_callback')
The callback function will be called from an internal thread of the IP Connection. In contrast to many other programming languages, variables are not automatically shared between threads in Perl. If you want to share a global variable between a callback function and the rest for your program it has to be marked as :shared. See the documentation of the threads::shared Perl module for more details.
The available constants with inherent number and type of parameters are described below.
Note
Using callbacks for recurring events is always preferred compared to using getters. It will use less USB bandwidth and the latency will be a lot better, since there is no round trip time.
Parameters: |
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This callback is triggered whenever a change of the voltage level is detected on pins where the interrupt was activated with set_port_interrupt().
The values are the port, a bitmask that specifies which interrupts occurred and the current value bitmask of the port.
For example:
Parameters: |
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This callback is triggered whenever a monoflop timer reaches 0. The parameters contain the port, the involved pins and the current value of the pins (the value after the monoflop).
This constant is used to identify a IO-16 Bricklet.
The get_identity() function and the CALLBACK_ENUMERATE callback of the IP Connection have a device_identifier parameter to specify the Brick's or Bricklet's type.